Using the health beliefs model to explore children's attitudes and beliefs on air pollution

Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) negatively impacts children's health. Self-protective measures are available, but population uptake is variable. It essential to understand human beliefs and behaviours related in order the lack of self-protection communities. As a prelude undertaking comprehensive assessment attitudes on health effects TRAP exposure, we sought develop validate an appropriate instrument. This study used exploratory sequential mixed methods. instrument, based constructs belief model (HBM), aimed determine factors predicting wearing mask protect against exposure. An initial literature-based questionnaire was modified using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, quantitative survey pilot. included 121 school students nine professional experts Vietnam. The tested for content validity, agreement, test-retest reliability, internal consistency. concordance items between two repeated assessments ranged from 47.2% 78.3%, intraclass correlation coefficients 0.16 0.87 Cronbach's reliability coefficient instrument 0.60. self-administered HBM, suitable self-protective reduce